Teaching

This compulsory lecture deals with mechanistic aspects of organic chemistry. It is organized according to reaction types: Nucleophilic substitutions, eliminations, electrophilic aromatic substitutions, nucleophilic aromatic substitutions, reactions of the carbonyl group, pericyclic reactions. Reactive intermediates such as carbenium ions, carbonium ions, carbenes, nitrenes, ylides etc. are dealt with.

Recommended literature:

R. Brückner, Reaction Mechanisms

J. March: Advanced Organic Chemistry

Recommended supplementary lecture:

Name reactions

The purpose of this lecture is to provide for students an overview dealing with (bio)organic materials from natural sources, their chemical modifications and applications, as the field of biomaterials has grown considerably during the last decades. Seemingly, the term "biomaterials" is not well-defined. On the one hand, experiences gained in clinical uses of materials, the replacement of diseased or missing body parts by man-made materials, and tissue-engineering, on the other hand structure-properties relationships and degradation of materials are portions of that field. We, however, put a strong emphasis on the organic and biochemical aspects to understand the fundamentals of biomaterials and biopolymer research.

Chapter I deals with peptide- and protein-based materials including peptide-nanomaterials, stimulus-responsive peptide-based materials, coiled coils, synthetic collagen mimics, and spider silk related materials.

Chapters II to IV cover portions of carbohydrate-based materials (cellulose, starch, functional polymers from sugars, glyconanomaterials), polyketide-based materials, and modified nucleic acids, respectively.

Literature

J. Park, R. S. Lakes, Biomaterials, An Introduction, 3rd edition, 2010, Springer.

B. D. Ratner, A. S. Hoffman, F. J. Schoen, J. E. Lemons, Biomaterials Science, 2nd edition, 2004, Elsevier Academic Press.

The lecture deals with the substance classes of polyketides, terpenes, phenylpropanoids and alkaloids and is part of the elective module "Syntheses and Mechanisms" in the Master's degree program in Chemistry. The main focus is on biosyntheses including biological activities, selected total syntheses with current key steps in synthetic chemistry and spectroscopic methods for structure elucidation. The aim of the lecture is not only to get to know the specific characteristics of the individual classes of natural products, but also to study reaction mechanisms - such as pericyclic reactions - using specific examples from or in the class of natural products.

The lecture is part of the module "Syntheses and Mechanisms" in the Master's degree program in Chemistry. It deals with the mechanisms, the range of application and limitations of modern name reactions that are used in current synthetic chemistry. In the context of this lecture, the individual reactions are organized according to synthesis goals, and therefore provide a complementary insight into synthetic chemistry, which is presented in other compulsory lectures of the Master's program and the practical course "Organic Chemistry for Advanced Students". Chapters of this lecture are C-C and C=C bond linkages, reactions on non-activated C-H bonds and defunctionalizations.

The lecture is part of the compulsory elective program in the Bachelor's degree program in Chemistry and deals with the main classes of important biomolecules (amino acids, proteins, sugars, membrane components, nucleobases) as well as an introduction to the basic metabolisms and cycles of biochemistry (glycolysis, citrate cycle, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid degradation, urea cycle, etc.) and molecular genetics (DNA, RNA, protein biosynthesis) and photosynthesis. The biochemical mechanisms are compared with the reaction mechanisms of synthetic chemistry. Naturally, the functions of important vitamins as well as pharmacological and toxicological aspects are discussed.

(Table of Contents)

The lecture deals with the basics of organic stereochemistry and - at the request of many students - is held in English. It is a compulsory part of the chemistry course. The lecture begins with a discussion of typical bond lengths, stereochemical nomenclature and continues with aspects of static stereochemistry (point groups), chirality characteristics (chirality types, pseudoasymmetry). Further chapters deal with ORD and CD spectroscopy, as well as stereochemically relevant aspects of NMR spectroscopy. The chapter "Dynamic stereochemistry" deals with stereospecific reactions and asymmetric syntheses, including some theoretical principles.

"Of the 12.5 million chemical compounds currently registered, about one half contain heterocyclic systems" (Eicher/Hauptmann). The lecture presents 3- to 7-membered heterocycles, their structures, properties, chemistry, and applications.

Literature

T. Eicher, S. Hauptmann, The Chemistry of Heterocycles, Thieme Verlag.

T. L. Gilchrist, Heterocycle Chemistry, VCH.

J. A. Joule, K. Mills, Heterocyclic Chemistry, Blackwell Science.

During this seminar we are discussing synthetic problems which were taken from the modern literature of organic chemistry. It's always time to discuss problems which arise from the daily laboratory work. From time to time all co-workers present their recent results and give an over-view about their scientific futureplans. Students and guest are always present and are highly welcome (we also speak German).

During the seminar, chromatographic methods that are used daily in the institute's research projects (DC, SC, GC, GC-EIMS, HPLC-UV, HPLC-ESIMS, solvent polarities, solvent recycling, etc.) are presented under practical aspects. In the subsequent practical part, more difficult thin-layer chromatographic analyses and column chromatographic separations are carried out. This course, which is a prerequisite for participation in the practical course "Organic Chemistry for Advanced Students" for students of the main study program in Chemistry, is intended to provide practice and routine in organic separation methods; theoretical principles of the methods used are therefore in the background. Prerequisite is the completion of the intermediate diploma.

The seminar is part of the practical course "OCC" (Bachelor). Each participant either gives a presentation on a previously independently solved synthesis problem from the organic chemistry literature or on the content of a current review article. The topics are assigned at the beginning of the semester.

see Course Catalog Clausthal University of Technology - Course Catalog (hispro.de)

see on the homepage of the institute internship